MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DIARRHEA TRANSMISSION WITH CAMPAIGN-BASED CONTROL MEASURE AND TREATMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjmhs.v4i2.128Keywords:
campaign, equilibrium point, reproduction number, sensitivity and stabilityAbstract
The SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model is a well-established framework for examining the spread of infectious diseases, including diarrhea. This study enhances the traditional SEIR model by incorporating a campaign parameter including hygiene practices, environmental cleanliness, and waste management, as a control measure to assess its effectiveness in managing diarrheal disease outbreaks. The model's stability was analyzed, and the basic reproduction number (R0) was derived using the next-generation matrix method. Findings indicate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0<1 suggesting that the infection can be controlled within the population. Conversely, when R0<1 the equilibrium is unstable, indicating continued spread of the infection. Results emphasize that improving hygiene practices, environmental cleanliness, avoiding contaminated food product and waste management significantly reduces exposure among susceptible individuals, thereby decreasing the infection rate and enhancing recovery. Forward sensitivity analysis highlights the critical factors affecting disease transmission, underscoring the need for targeted interventions in high-risk areas. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of public health campaigns and other epidemiological measures in controlling diarrheal outbreaks, offering valuable insights for public health policy and strategic resource allocation.
References
Adesola, O.I., Oloruntoyin, S.S., Emmanuel, P.M., Temilade, M.I., Adeyemi, A.G., Oladele, A.S., Mamman, A.U., Kareem, A.A. (2024a): Mathematical modelling and analyzing the dynamics of condom efficacy and compliance in the spread of HIV/AIDS. – Asian Research Journal of Current Science 11p.
Adesola, O.I., Temilade, M.I., Emmanuel, P.M., Oladele, A.S., Adeyemi, A.G., Sunday, S., Olumuyiwa, A.S. (2024b): Mathematical Analysis of Optimal Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Co-infection with Tuberculosis (TB). – Asian Research Journal of Current Science 30p.
Ajao, S., Olopade, I., Akinwumi, T., Adewale, S., Adesanya, A. (2023): Understanding the transmission dynamics and control of HIV infection: A mathematical model approach. – Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 1p.
Akinwumi, T.O., Olopade, I.A., Adesanya, A.O., Alabi, M.O. (2021): A mathematical model for the transmission of HIV/AIDS with early treatment. – Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science 36(5): 35-51.
Canga, A., Bidegain, G. (2022): Modelling the Effect of the Interaction between Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Measures on COVID‐19 Incidence. – Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics 15p.
Chavda, V.P., Vuppu, S., Mishra, T., Kamaraj, S., Sharma, N., Punetha, S., Sairam, A., Vaghela, D., Dargahi, N., Apostolopoulos, V. (2024): Combatting infectious diarrhea: innovations in treatment and vaccination strategies. – Expert Review of Vaccines 23(1): 246-265.
Das, J.K., Tripathi, A., Ali, A., Hassan, A., Dojosoeandy, C., Bhutta, Z.A. (2013): Vaccines for the prevention of diarrhea due to cholera, shigella, ETEC and rotavirus. – BMC Public Health 13: 1-11.
De Bruyn, G., Hahn, S., Borwick, A., Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (1996): Antibiotic treatment for travellers' diarrhoea. – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019(5): 29p.
Dembek, Z.F., Chekol, T., Wu, A. (2018): Best practice assessment of disease modelling for infectious disease outbreaks. – Epidemiology & Infection 146(10): 1207-1215.
Heesterbeek, H., Anderson, R.M., Andreasen, V., Bansal, S., De Angelis, D., Dye, C., Eames, K.T., Edmunds, W.J., Frost, S.D., Funk, S., Hollingsworth, T.D. (2015): Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the complex landscape of global health. – Science 347(6227): 24p.
Hoyle, E., Davies, H., Bourhill, J., Roberts, N., Lee, J.J., Albury, C. (2023): Effectiveness of hand-hygiene interventions in reducing illness-related absence in educational settings in high income countries: systematic review and behavioural analysis. – Journal of Public Health 12p.
Ki, M.R. (2006): Modeling and Simulations for Infectious Diseases. – Korean Journal of Epidemiology 4p.
Musibau, O., Muritala, A.A., Isaac, A.O., Adelani, O.A., Akeem, O.Y. (2022): Mathematical analysis of sensitive parameters due to dynamic transmission of Ebola virus disease. – Comprehensive Research and Reviews in Multidisciplinary Studies 1(01): 001-016.
Olopade, A.I., Adesanya, A.O., Akinwumi, T.O. (2021a): Mathematical transmission of SEIR epidemic model with natural immunity. – Asian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 10p.
Olopade, I.A., Adewale, S.O., Muhammed, I.T., Adeniran, G.A., Ajao, S., Ogunsola, A.W. (2021b): Effect of effective contact tracing in curtaining the spread of Covid-19. – Asian Journal of Research in Biosciences 3(2): 118-134.
Philemon, M.E., Olopade, I.A., Ogbaji, E.O. (2023): Mathematical Analysis of the Effect of Quarantine on the Dynamical Transmission of Monkey Pox. – Asian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 19p.
Pitzer, V.E., Bowles, C.C., Baker, S., Kang, G., Balaji, V., Farrar, J.J., Grenfell, B.T. (2014): Predicting the impact of vaccination on the transmission dynamics of typhoid in South Asia: a mathematical modeling study. – PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8(1): 12p.
Rasmussen, A.L. (2020): Vaccination is the only acceptable path to herd immunity. – Med 1(1): 21-23.
Siettos, C.I., Russo, L. (2013): Mathematical modeling of infectious disease dynamics. – Virulence 4(4): 295-306.
Tao, Y., Hite, J.L., Lafferty, K.D., Earn, D.J., Bharti, N. (2021): Transient disease dynamics across ecological scales. – Theoretical Ecology 14(4): 625-640.
Venkatesan, M.M., Van de Verg, L.L. (2015): Combination vaccines against diarrheal diseases. – Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 11(6): 1434-1448.
Victora, C.G., Bahl, R., Barros, A.J., França, G.V., Horton, S., Krasevec, J., Murch, S., Sankar, M.J., Walker, N., Rollins, N.C. (2016): Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. – The Lancet 387(10017): 475-490.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2020): Diarrhoeal disease. – WHO 4p.
World Health Organization (WHO) (1995): The treatment of diarrhoe. – WHO 50p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 OLOPADE ISAAC ADESOLA, NKPE-ENAMHE GRACE UWAUNYIN, OLAREWAJU PHILIP OLADAPO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
