POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS): A LIFESTYLE UPSHOT AND CLUSTER OF MALADIES
Keywords:
amenorrhea, endocrine disorder, hyperandrogenism, hyperprolactinemia, infertilityAbstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that distresses millions of females all over the world during their procreative age of 18–44 years. This syndrome leads to the complexities such as numerous cysts, and an irregular menstrual cycle eventually manifesting in infertility. Complications like insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease are also associated. Several studies have confirmed the genetic basis of PCOS by identifying many candidate genes. Thus, PCOS is a multigenic, multifactorial, deregulated steroid state with a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease manifesting predominantly due to lifestyle fallacies. Diagnosis of PCOS is through ultrasound scanning and biochemical analysis. Medications include oral contraceptive pills, metformin, and hormones which will bypass or reverse the ill effects of PCOS. However, lifestyle correction to prevent aberrant immune activation and minimized exposure to inflammatory agents appears to be a sustainable therapy. This review primarily aims to understand the various aspects of PCOS viz., the pathophysiology of irregularity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), anomalies in leptin-adiponectin and oxidative stress, genetic and molecular causes (candidate gene associated), environmental factors, metabolic factors, and a role of the irregular circadian rhythm. Prevailing treatment recommends a multicomponent diet and a healthy lifestyle to manage PCOS and avoid its comorbidities.
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